1.3. History of Grammar Studies



''' 1. Discussion points '''

 1. Describe prescriptive grammars of English.

 2. Make a summary of transformational-generative grammars.

 3.. Generalize about the schools rival to transformational grammar.

 4. Show how these theories are incorporated in modern traditional grammar as taught in schools and universities.

''' 1.  Contrasting Prescriptive and descriptive rules. ''' In the table below are pairs of prescriptive rules and descriptive counterparts. Underneath each pair of rules are three sentences. Tick the sentence or sentences which would be ungrammatical according to the PRESCRIPTIVE RULE. (All the sentences should be grammatical according to the descriptive rule.) Write "YES" or "NO" depending on whether you think you follow the prescriptive rule in your speech.

''' 3.  Self-study issues '''

 1)    Prescriptivism 

 Robert Lowth and Lindley Murray as prescriptivists and grammarians.

 2)    Structuralism: 

 b)   The Prague school: from structuralism to functionalism.

 c)   Louis Hjelmslev’s g  lossematics.

 d)   Otto Jespersen’s theory of ranks, work on Novial and nexus.

 e)   John Rupert Firth’s polysystematism.

 f)   Roman Jakobson: linguistic typology and universals.

 3)    Transformational Grammar of N. Chomsky. 

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l1 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 18.0pt"> 4)    Fundamentals of Generative Semantics (“ Generative Semantics for Dummies”). 

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent:0cm; mso-list:l1 level2 lfo2;tab-stops:list 18.0pt"> 5)   ' Systemic functional grammar '  of Michael Halliday.  

<p style="text-align:justify"> Key Terms 

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 1. the vernacular

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 2. inkhorn terms

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 3. descriptive and prescriptive grammars

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 4. scientific grammar

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 5. structuralism

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 6. dichotomy

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 7. distribution

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 8. IC analysis

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 9. tree-diagram

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 10. permutation

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 11. Whorfian hypothesis

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 12. behaviouristic theory of semantics

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 13. kernel sentences and deep structures

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 14. tagmeme

<p style="margin-left:0cm;text-align:justify;text-indent: 0cm;line-height:normal;mso-list:l2 level1 lfo9;tab-stops:list -2.85pt left 18.0pt"> 15. metafunction <span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-fareast-language: RU;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">